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- Network Working Group Randall J. Atkinson
- Request for Comments: DRAFT Naval Research Laboratory
- <draft-ietf-atm-mtu-03.txt> 29 October 1993
-
- Default IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5
-
- Status of this Memo
-
- Internet Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
- Task Force (IETF), its Areas, and its Working Groups. Note that
- other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet
- Drafts. This particular draft is a working document of the IETF's
- "IP over ATM" working group. It is intended to eventually submit
- this draft to the IESG for possible release as a standards-track RFC.
-
- Internet Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six
- months. This Internet Draft expires on 29 April 1994. Internet
- Drafts may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at
- any time. It is not appropriate to use Internet Drafts as reference
- material or to cite them other than as a "working draft" or "work in
- progress".
-
- Please check the I-D abstract listing contained in each Internet
- Draft directory to learn the current status of this or any other
- Internet Draft.
-
- Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
-
- Default Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
-
- Protocols in wide use throughout the Internet, such as the Network
- File System (NFS), currently use large frame sizes. Empirical
- evidence with various applications over the Transmission Control
- Protocol (TCP) indicates that larger Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)
- sizes for the Internet Protocol (IP) tend to give better performance.
- Fragmentation of IP datagrams is known to be highly undesirable.
- [KM87] It is desirable to reduce fragmentation in the network and
- thereby enhance performance by having the IP Maximum Transmission
- Unit (MTU) for AAL5 be reasonably large. NFS defaults to an 8192
- byte frame size. Allowing for RPC/XDR, UDP, IP, and LLC headers, NFS
- would prefer a default MTU of at least 8300 octets. Routers can
- sometimes perform better with larger packet sizes because most of the
- performance costs in routers relate to "packets handled" rather than
- "bytes transferred". So there are a number of good reasons to have a
- reasonably large default MTU value for IP over ATM AAL5.
-
- RFC 1209 specifies the IP MTU over SMDS to be 9180 octets, which is
- larger than 8300 octets but still in the same range. [RFC-1209] There
-
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- Atkinson [Page 1]
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- Internet Draft 29 October 1993
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- is no good reason for the default MTU of IP over ATM AAL5 to be
- different from IP over SMDS, given that they will be the same
- magnitude. Having the two be the same size will be helpful in
- interoperability and will also help reduce incidence of IP
- fragmentation.
-
- Therefore, the default MTU for IP over ATM AAL5 shall be 9180
- octets. All implementations compliant and conformant with this
- specification shall support this default IP MTU value for use over
- ATM AAL5.
-
-
-
- Minimum Value for IP MTU over ATM AAL5
-
- The smallest acceptable value for the IP MTU for use over ATM AAL5
- is 576 octets. This value conforms with the requirements of the Host
- Requirements RFC and is consistent with the IP specification. [RFC-
- 793, RFC-1122]. All ATM Forum compliant implementations of ATM
- technology are capable of handling this restriction without
- difficulty. This restriction is placed in order to minimise the
- occurence for IP fragmentation, which is known to be harmful, and to
- ensure support for future versions of IP that are currently in
- development. Note that this minimum MTU does not place any lower
- bound on the size of the IP datagram that may be transmitted by any
- system. Rather, it ensures that all systems will handle IP datagrams
- of size less than or equal to 576 octets without IP fragmentation.
- Before such a small MTU value may be used, the requirements described
- in the MTU NEGOTIATION section must be adhered to.
-
-
-
- MTU Negotation for ATM AAL5
-
- The ATM signalling protocol uses two different parts of the
- Information Element named "AAL Parameters" to exchange information on
- the MTU over the ATM circuit being setup [ATMF93a]. The component
- named "Forward Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier" contains the value
- over the path from the calling party to the called party. The
- component named "Backwards Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier" contains
- the value over the path from the called party to the calling party.
- The ATM Forum specifies the valid values of this identifier as 1 to
- 65534 inclusive. Not all of those values make sense in the context
- of IP over ATM as is explained in the preceding section, so not all
- of those values may be used by implementations of this specification.
- Note that the ATM Forum's User-to-Network-Interface (UNI) signalling
- permits the MTU in one direction to be different from the MTU in the
- opposite direction, so the ATM information elements might have
-
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- Internet Draft 29 October 1993
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- different values on the same connection.
-
- Other MTU values for ATM AAL5 (i.e. other than the default value
- specified above) shall not be used unless use of the other MTU value
- was successfully negotiated using industry-standard ATM-specific
- mechanisms (e.g. ATM Signalling Protocol) prior to being attempted.
- If negotiation of the MTU value is attempted but fails, then the
- default MTU value shall be used. If either of the above cited
- information elements is not present in the ATM Signalling Protocol's
- "SETUP" message, then the default MTU value shall be used for each
- missing value. If the calling device erroneously sets the value of
- either information element to 0, then either the default MTU value
- shall be used or the party receiving the invalid value shall clear
- the call with cause "Invalid Information Element Contents" being
- indicated.
-
- If the calling party wishes to use the default MTU but is willing
- and able to negotiate an MTU size other than the default, it should
- include the "AAL Parameters" information element with the default
- values for the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier as part of the SETUP
- message of the ATM signalling protocol [ATMF93b]. If the calling
- party desires to use a different value than the default, it must
- include the "AAL Parameters" information element with the desired
- value for the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier as part of the SETUP
- message of the ATM Signalling Protocol. The value of these
- identifiers may range from 576 to 65535 octets in an implementation
- of this specification. If the calling party is only willing to use
- the default MTU value, the Maximum CPCS-SDU components must not be
- specified in the SETUP message. The called party will respond using
- the same information elements and identifiers in its CONNECT message
- response [ATMF93c].
-
- If the called party receives a SETUP message containing a "Maximum
- CPCS-SDU Size Identifier" in the "AAL Parameters" information
- element, it shall handle the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier as
- follows:
-
-
- a) If it is able to accept the proposed MTU values, it shall set
- the values of the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier equal to the
- proposed values and include that information in its CONNECT
- message responding to the original SETUP message.
-
- b) If it wishes a smaller MTU size than that proposed but greater
- than or equal to 576, then it shall set the values of the Maximum
- CPCS-SDU Size Identifier equal to the desired value in its
- CONNECT message responding to the original SETUP message.
-
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- c) If it does not wish to negotiate the MTU, it shall not include
- the Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifiers in its CONNECT message
- responding to the original SETUP message.
-
-
- If a called endpoint receives a SETUP message containing no
- "Maximum CPCS-SDU Size Identifier" in the "AAL Parameters"
- information element, it shall not include such an identifier in the
- CONNECT message sent in response to the original SETUP message and
- the default IP MTU for use over AAL5 shall be used by both parties.
-
- If the called endpoint incorrectly includes the "Maximum CPCS-SDU
- Size Identifier" in the CONNECT messages (e.g. because the original
- SETUP message did not include such information) or it sets such an
- identifier to a value less than 576 or more than the value of the
- original SETUP message, then the calling party shall clear the call
- with cause "Invalid Information Element Contents" being indicated.
-
-
-
- Path MTU Discovery Required
-
- The Path MTU Discovery mechanism is an Internet Standard and is an
- important mechanism for reducing IP fragmentation in the Internet.
- This mechanism is particularly important because new subnet
- technologies, such as ATM, use default MTU sizes different from older
- subnet technologies such as Ethernet and FDDI.
-
- In order to ensure good performance throughout the Internet and
- also to permit IP to take full advantage of the potentially larger IP
- datagram sizes supported by ATM, all implementations that comply or
- conform with this specification must also implement the IP Path MTU
- Discovery mechanism as defined in RFC-1191 and clarified by RFC-1435.
-
-
-
- Security Considerations
-
- Security Considerations are not discussed in this memo.
-
-
-
- References
-
- [RFC-791] J. Postel, Internet Protocol, RFC-791, DDN Network
- Information Center, September 1981.
-
- [RFC-793] J. Postel, Transmission Control Protocol, RFC-793, DDN
-
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- Network Information Center, September 1981.
-
- [RFC-1122] R. Braden (Ed.), Requirements for Internet Hosts --
- Communications Layers, RFC-1122, DDN Network Information Center,
- October 1989, pp.58-60.
-
- [RFC-1191] J. Mogul & S. Deering, Path MTU Discovery, RFC-1191, DDN
- Network Information Center, November 1990.
-
- [RFC-1209] D. Piscitello, D & J. Lawrence, The Transmission of IP
- Datagrams over the SMDS Service, RFC-1209, DDN Network Information
- Center, March 1991.
-
- [RFC-1435] S. Knowles, IESG Advice from Experience with Path MTU
- Discovery, RFC-1435, DDN Network Information Center, March 1993.
-
- [ATMF93a] R. Breault, J. Grace, J. Jaeger, & L. Wojnaroski(eds.), ATM
- Forum User Network Interface Specification, Version 2.4 (clean),
- Document 93-620R3, Section 5.4.5.5, p. 174, 5 August 1993, ATM Forum.
-
- [ATMF93b] R. Breault, J. Grace, J. Jaeger, & L. Wojnaroski(eds.), ATM
- Forum User Network Interface Specification, Version 2.4 (clean),
- Document 93-620R3, Section 5.3.1.7, p. 149-150, 5 August 1993, ATM Forum.
-
- [ATMF93c] R. Breault, J. Grace, J. Jaeger, & L. Wojnaroski(eds.), ATM
- Forum User Network Interface Specification, Version 2.4 (clean),
- Document 93-620R3, Section 5.3.1.3, p. 146, 5 August 1993, ATM Forum.
-
- [KM87] C. Kent & J.Mogul, "Fragmentation Considered Harmful", Proceedings
- of the ACM SIGCOMM '87 Workshop on Frontiers in Computer Communications
- Technology, August 1987.
-
-
-
- Acknowledgements
- While all members of the IETF's IP over ATM Working Group have been
- helpful, Vern Schryver, Rob Warnock, Craig Partridge, and Subbu
- Subramaniam have been especially helpful to the author in analysing
- the host and routing implications of the default IP MTU value.
- Similarly, Dan Grossman provided significant help in clarifying the
- optional ATM signalling procedure used to negotiate the IP MTU value.
-
- Disclaimer
-
- Author's organisation provided for identification purposes only.
- This document presents the author's views and is not necessarily the
- official opinion of his employer.
-
-
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- Internet Draft 29 October 1993
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- Author Information
-
- Randall J. Atkinson <atkinson@itd.nrl.navy.mil>
-
- Information Technology Division
- Naval Research Laboratory
- Washington, DC 20375-5320
- USA
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